In a strong and symbolic response to the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack, India has intensified pressure on Pakistan by restricting water flow from key rivers shared under the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT). This assertive move marks a rare escalation in India’s water diplomacy, as the Centre, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, appears determined to leverage every available channel to penalize Pakistan. The recent closure of the Salal Dam gates on the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir is one such move, significantly reducing the river’s downstream flow into Pakistan. It follows a similar restriction at the Baglihar Dam just days earlier, signalling a firm shift in India’s approach toward its western neighbor.
Dams Closed, Treaty Disengaged
Over the weekend, India halted the release of water through the Baglihar Dam and subsequently closed all gates of the Salal Dam, causing a notable drop in Chenab River levels. These steps are intended as short-term punitive actions but carry a broader strategic message. According to officials, such actions are meant to demonstrate India’s readiness to adopt coercive policies when national interests are at stake. BJP leader Amit Malviya backed the Centre’s decisions, applauding Modi’s “muscular” doctrine and calling it a necessary stand in the fight against terrorism. “Water and the blood of our citizens cannot flow together,” Malviya stated.
India has suspended its participation in the IWT’s dispute resolution process, particularly concerning the Kishanganga and Ratle hydroelectric projects, which have long been contentious points between the two nations. New Delhi is reportedly set to urge the World Bank-appointed neutral expert, Michel Lino, to pause adjudication proceedings related to these projects, reinforcing its position that talks with Pakistan cannot continue under the shadow of terrorism.
Reservoir Expansion and Strategic Calculations
In tandem with these diplomatic and legal steps, India has begun enhancing its hydro infrastructure in Jammu and Kashmir. Work has started on increasing the reservoir holding capacity at two NHPC-run hydroelectric projects. Authorities have already commenced a reservoir flushing operation to remove sediment, a technical process that could set the stage for more expansive water control initiatives in the region.
While these developments may not immediately disrupt Pakistan’s water supply, they signal a broader recalibration in India’s stance—one where water becomes both a strategic resource and a diplomatic lever. With over half a dozen such projects underway in Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan’s heavy reliance on Indus waters could face future challenges if India pursues further assertive steps.
