The National Museum, New Delhi
The National Museum in New Delhi, also known as the National Museum of India, is a premier institution and one of the largest museums in India. Established on August 15, 1949, it is under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India, and is located on Janpath. The museum’s establishment was proposed by the Gwyer Committee in 1946 and it showcases a wide array of artifacts, ranging from pre-historic times to modern art. The collection includes about 206,000 objects, featuring pieces like the “Dancing Girl” sculpture and the Ivory Carved Dashavtar.
Historical Background and Establishment
The idea for the museum was initiated by the Gwyer Committee in 1946, chaired by Sir Maurice Gwyer. The roots of the museum trace back to an exhibition of Indian art and artifacts in London organized by the Royal Academy of Arts. This exhibition was significant as it was the first time Indian artifacts were recognized as high art by the British government. With the support of Jawaharlal Nehru, it was decided that these artifacts should be displayed in India. Initially set up in the Rashtrapati Bhavan in 1949, the museum moved to its current location at Janpath in 1960.
Development and Influence
The National Museum’s structure and organization were greatly influenced by the Indian Museum in Kolkata. Its first curators were former employees of the Indian Museum. The museum’s first director, Grace Morley, played a pivotal role in its development. Her vision was to make art accessible to all, leading to the introduction of modern display techniques and aesthetics in the museum. Her efforts in presenting artifacts in a modern and streamlined manner brought international recognition to the museum.
Educational and Cultural Impact
The National Museum is not only a repository of art but also an educational institution. It houses the National Museum Institute of History of Art, Conservation, and Museology, established in 1983 and recognized as a university since 1989. The institute offers master’s and doctoral programs in art history, conservation, and museology, contributing significantly to the educational and cultural landscape of India. The museum’s extensive collection and modern display techniques make it a vital institution for the appreciation and study of Indian art and history
