Introduction
Iceland, a small island nation in the North Atlantic Ocean, is a land of stunning natural beauty. Despite its modest size, this country holds an extraordinary place in the hearts of those fortunate enough to visit. Let’s embark on a journey through this enchanting land, where nature reigns supreme.
FAST FACTS
- OFFICIAL NAME – Republic of Iceland
- FORM OF GOVERNMENT – Constitutional Republic
- CAPITAL – Reykjavik
- POPULATION – 3,17,000
- OFFICIAL LANGUAGE – Icelandic ( Other include : English, Nordic languages, German )
- MONEY – Icelandic Krona
- AREA – 39,769 Square Miles ( 103,001 Square Kilometers )
GEOGRAPHY
Iceland is a small island nation that is Europe’s westernmost country and home to the world’s northernmost capital, Reykjavik. Eleven percent of the country is covered in glacial ice and is surrounded by water. If global warming continues, rising water levels and melting ice could be devastating to Iceland.
A volcanic island, Iceland experiences severe volcanic activity. In 2010, the Eyjafjallajokull volcano at an elevation of 5,466 feet (1,666 meters) erupted, blowing ash high into the atmosphere and disrupting European air traffic for weeks.
Iceland is located between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. It is northwest of the United Kingdom, and is slightly smaller than the state of Kentucky.
The land is plateau with mountain peaks, and ice fields, with a coastline marked by fjords, which are deep inlets carved by glaciers.
HISTORY
The first settlers were Irish religious people who wanted to live a simple life. The country was prosperous in the Middle Ages. They established a national assembly, called Althingi, in 930. Althingi is the world’s oldest continuous parliament.
Iceland was part of Norway and then was ruled by Denmark for more than 500 years, but the country became an independent republic in 1944.
The colors in the flag represent three of the elements that make up the island: Red is for the island’s volcanic fires; white for the snow and ice fields of the island; and blue is for the surrounding ocean.
PEOPLE & CULTURE
Icelanders are of Scandinavian descent and are generally tall, blonde, and light-skinned. Because there is little diversity in the population, genetic researchers have studied diseases among Icelanders. These studies have helped find cures for many hereditary diseases.
Icelanders take care to preserve their traditions and language. Some Icelanders still believe in elves, trolls, and other mythical characters that date back to their Celtic and Norse beginnings. Most Icelanders live in the southwest part of the country.
School is free for all Icelanders all the way through college. Every student is taught to speak both Danish and English in school. Handball and soccer are the two most popular sports for children, but they also enjoy swimming and horseback riding.
NATURE
Foxes were the only land mammals in Iceland when it was settled. Newcomers brought in domesticated animals and reindeer. Most of the wildlife is under conservation and protection. There are four national parks and more than 80 nature preserves.
Vatnajökull, or Vatna Glacier, is an extensive ice field in southeastern Iceland, which covers 3,200 square miles (8,400 square kilometers) with an average ice thickness of more than 3,000 feet (900 meters).
Iceland contains about 200 volcanoes and has one-third of Earth’s total lava flow. One-tenth of the total land area is covered by cooled lava beds and glaciers. Because Iceland is volcanic, almost all of their electricity and heating comes from hydroelectric power and geothermal water reserves.
The Gulf Stream current and warm southwesterly winds make the climate more moderate and pleasant than one might expect from a northern country.
Iceland is known for explosive geysers, geothermal spas, glacier-fed waterfalls like Gullfoss (Golden Falls), and whale watching. More than 270,000 tourists visit each year.
A Land of Fire and Ice
One of Iceland’s most captivating features is its diverse landscapes. Volcanoes, some still active, dot the countryside, reminding us of the earth’s fiery core. Glaciers, vast and ancient, shimmer in the sunlight, a breathtaking testament to the power of ice. This juxtaposition of fire and ice is a mesmerizing dance that shapes Iceland’s soul.
Waterfalls: Nature’s Symphony
Waterfalls are Iceland’s musical notes, each one singing a unique melody. From the thundering roar of Gullfoss to the delicate spray of Seljalandsfoss, these cascades captivate the senses. Standing near one, you can feel the raw power of nature, a reminder of the Earth’s eternal rhythm.
Warm Hearts in Cold Waters: Geothermal Pools
Iceland’s geothermal pools are like nature’s hot tubs, a place to relax and rejuvenate. The Blue Lagoon, nestled amidst lava fields, is perhaps the most famous. Here, you can soak in mineral-rich waters while the chilly air nips at your cheeks. It’s a therapeutic escape, a chance to unwind in a setting unlike any other.
Puffins and Whales: Wildlife Wonders
Iceland is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts. Puffins, with their comical waddle and colorful beaks, nest along the cliffs, providing endless entertainment. Off the coast, whales gracefully breach the surface, a majestic sight that leaves a lasting impression. The biodiversity of Iceland’s ecosystem is a testament to the delicate balance of nature.
A Land of Magic and Wonder
Iceland, with its captivating landscapes and warm-hearted people, is a place that touches the soul. It’s a reminder of the awe-inspiring power of nature and the importance of cherishing our planet. As you explore this island nation, you’ll find yourself humbled, inspired, and forever changed by its beauty. It’s a place where dreams become reality, and where nature weaves its own enchanting tale.
