Hair loss can result from various issues, including health problems. It might resolve with proper treatment of the underlying condition. If experiencing hair thinning or baldness, consult a dermatologist to identify the cause and find a solution. Familiarize yourself with common hair loss causes before your visit.
1. Genetics
Androgenetic alopecia, a common hereditary and age-related hair loss, affects millions in the U.S. It progresses gradually, with men experiencing receding temples and crown thinning, while women notice widening hair parts and overall thinning. Contrary to popular belief, genes from both parents influence this condition’s likelihood.
2. Hormonal changes
Conditions like PCOS and CAH can lead to higher androgen levels and female-pattern hair loss. Women with hair loss, acne, excess facial/body hair, or irregular periods should consider hormone testing. Pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, hypothyroidism, and medication changes can also impact hair growth, but proper treatment can help manage loss.
3. Age
Hair loss and thinning are common with aging as cell regeneration slows down, affecting bones, skin, and hair. Reduced scalp oil production can lead to brittle hair, contributing to thinning. Some may experience severe hair loss, known as androgenetic alopecia or pattern hair loss, which varies by gender.
4. Stressful life events
Sudden hair loss everywhere can be alarming, a condition called “telogen effluvium.” Triggered by stress, it starts 2-3 months after a stressful event, peaking at 4-5 months. Thankfully, it’s temporary, and hair should return to normal within 6-9 months. Stressful life events can increase risk, creating a potential cycle. Most cases resolve without treatment.
5. Nutritional deficiencies
Hair loss can occur due to lack of nutrients like iron, vitamin D, and zinc. Typically, dietary supplements can fix these deficiencies. However, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider and get a blood test before beginning any new supplements to ensure proper treatment and avoid complications.
6. Infections
Scalp infections from bacteria, yeast, or fungi can lead to hair loss, showing symptoms like pus bumps, redness, and itching. It’s crucial to see a dermatologist immediately if these signs appear. Scalp fungal infections are highly contagious, especially among children, and can be prevented by not sharing hats or scarves. Most infections are treatable with proper medication, but neglecting treatment could result in permanent damage and scarring.
7. Autoimmune disease
Certain autoimmune diseases can attack healthy hair follicles, leading to hair loss, which can be temporary or permanent. Alopecia areata results in coin-sized bald patches and can range from mild to severe. Treatments can speed up regrowth. Lupus can cause scalp thinning or hair loss with a rash. Treating the underlying lupus can sometimes result in hair regrowth. It’s crucial to consult healthcare professionals for proper diagnosis and treatment options.
8. Medications
Certain medications can lead to hair thinning as a side effect, though it doesn’t affect everyone. This includes some cholesterol and blood pressure drugs, the antacid cimetidine, gout medication colchicine, acne treatment isotretinoin, and steroids like testosterone and progesterone. If you notice hair loss after starting a new medication, contact your healthcare provider immediately. They can suggest an alternative and guide you on how to safely discontinue the problematic medication.
9. Chemotherapy and radiation
Hair loss is a common concern for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation. Chemotherapy targets rapidly growing cells, including those in hair follicles, leading to hair loss all over the body. Radiation therapy typically causes hair loss only in the treated area. Fortunately, in most cases, hair loss from these treatments is temporary, and hair growth usually resumes a few months after the treatment concludes, bringing relief to many patients.
10. Traumatic hairstyling
Traumatic hairstyling refers to styles that pull hair tightly, like ponytails or braids. Over time, this can damage hair and even lead to hair loss. It puts a lot of stress on the hair roots, making them weak. This is not good for the hair’s health. To avoid this, it’s better to wear loose hairstyles and give your hair a break from tight styles. This helps keep your hair strong and healthy.
